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Approximately 2 mL of Solution A is added to a sample of Solution B with a dropping pipet. If a precipitate forms, the resulting precipitate is supended in the mixture. The mixture is then stirred with a glass stirring rod and the precipitate is allowed to settle for about a minute.


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Adding colorless sodium hydroxide to blue copper(II) nitrate produces a light blue precipitate.

Solution A: 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (colorless)
Solution B: 0.2 M copper(II) nitrate (blue)
Precipitate: (light blue)
Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) --> Cu(OH)2(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)

(2)





The mixing of solutions of copper(II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide results in the formation of a mixture composed of a solution of sodium nitrate and a copper(II) hydroxide precipitate.

Slide 1: This represents a copper nitrate solution. The bronze colored balls are copper(II) ions. Nitrate ions are represented by a blue ball (nitrogen) surrounded by three red balls (oxygen).

Slide 2: This represents a sodium hydroxide solution. The blue-grey balls are sodium ions. Hydroxide ions are represented by a grey ball (hydrogen) next to a red ball (oxygen).

Slide 3: This represents a mixture of copper(II) ions, nitrate ions, sodium ions and hydroxide ions as they might appear before reaction.

Slide 4: This is a representation of the mixture present after the reaction is complete. It shows copper(II) hydroxide solid, sodium ions and nitrate ions.

(79)


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Adding colorless sodium hydroxide to green nickel(II) nitrate produces a light green precipitate.

Solution A: 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (colorless)
Solution B: 0.2 M nickel(II) nitrate (green)
Precipitate: (light green)
Ni(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) --> Ni(OH)2(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)

(2)


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Adding colorless sodium hydroxide to colorless silver nitrate produces a brown precipitate.

Solution A: 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (colorless)
Solution B: 0.1 M silver nitrate (colorless)
Precipitate: (brown)
2 AgNO3(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) --> Ag2O(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)

(2)


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Adding colorless sodium hydroxide to dark yellow iron(III) nitrate produces a red-orange precipitate.

Solution A: 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (colorless)
Solution B: 0.2 M iron(III) nitrate (dark yellow)
Precipitate: (red-orange)
Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) --> Fe(OH)3(s) + 3 NaNO3(aq)

(2)

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