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- ideal gas
- A hypothetical gas for which the relationship among the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles can be described by simple proportionalities summarized by the ideal gas equation, PV = nRT.
- ideal gas equation
- An equation which gives a simple relationship among the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a well behaved gas: PV = nRT.
- ideal solution
- A solution for which the vapor pressure is given by Raoult's law.
- igneous
- Formed by volcanic action or by great heat.
- immiscible
- Unable to be dissolved in one another.
- indicator
- A substance added to a chemical reaction in order to show the extent of completion of the reaction.
- induced dipole
- A temporary dipole moment in a species created as a result of a dipole in a neighboring species and resulting in an attraction between the species.
- inert
- Unreactive; often used to describe coordination complexes which exchange ligands slowly.
- inert complex
- A coordination complex that exchanges ligands slowly.
- inert gas
- One of the elements in the same column of the periodic table as helium; also called noble gas.
- initial rate
- The rate of a reaction measured before the reactants change appreciably in concentration.
- inorganic
- Pertaining to the chemistry of elements other than carbon and compounds containing at most a small amount of carbon.
- insoluble
- Unable to dissolve in a solvent.
- instantaneous dipole
- A temporary dipole moment in a species created as a result of the influence of a dipole moment in another species, and resulting in an attraction between the two species.
- instantaneous rate
- The rate of a reaction at a particular point in time; evaluated from the slope of a plot of concentration vs. time.
- integrated rate equation
- An equation that describes the concentrations of reactants (and products) as a function of time.
- intensive property
- A property for which the value does not depend on the amount of matter under consideration.
- intermediate
- A species that is first formed and then consumed during the course of a reaction; its existence may be important for the interpretation of a rate law.
- intermolecular force
- Any attraction between molecules, including dipolar attractions, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion forces.
- internal energy
- A thermodynamic function corresponding to the tendency for spontaneous change is a system; represented by the symbol G.
- internuclear distance
- The distance between the nuclei of atoms in an element or compound. Bond distances are calculated from this quantity because atoms have no discrete edges.
- interstitial
- Found in the holes between the atoms or ions of a metal or crystal lattice; often used to describe a non-stoichiometric compound of a metal and a non-metal in which atoms of the non-metal are located between the metal atoms.
- iodine number
- The number of grams of iodine that react with 100 g of an organic compound, usually a fat; indicative of the degree of unsaturation in the compound.
- ion
- An atom or covalently bonded set of atoms that carries an overall net charge.
- ion exchange
- The replacement of ions by other ions, usually on the surface of a resin designed as a reservoir for ions.
- ion product
- An equilibrium constant expression for a reaction in which the only products are ions and the reactants are such that their concentrations do not appear in the expression; applied to dissolution and autoionization reactions.
- ionic bond
- The electrostatic attraction that holds together the ions of an ionic compound.
- ionic compound
- A compound containing oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
- ionic radius
- An estimate of the size of an ion in an ionic compound; found from the internuclear distance.
- ionization
- The process of an atom, molecule, or ion losing an electron; also the dissociation of an acid or electrolyte into its component ions.
- ionization energy
- The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a species.
- ionization isomer
- One of two or more coordination complexes that have the same chemical composition but differ in which species are ligands and which are non-coordinated ions.
- ionizing radiation
- Electromagnetic radiation of sufficient energy to knock electrons from molecules to form ions.
- isoelectronic
- Having the same number of electrons.
- isomer
- One of two or more substances composed of the same proportions of elements but differing in some aspect of structure.
- isotactic
- Having regularly repeating structural units; said of a polymer.
- isotope
- One of two or more atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons found in the nucleus.
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