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O
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- octet
- A set of eight electrons in the valence shell of an atom.
- olefin
- A hydrocarbon containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. Also called alkene.
- optical isomer
- One of two or more compounds that have the same chemical composition and that have the same atoms joined to each other, but that oriented in space differently.
- optically active
- Describing a substance having the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light passed through a solution of the substance.
- orbital
- A mathematically defined region of electron density around one or more atoms.
- ore
- Minerals from which metals are extracted.
- organic
- In chemistry, organic refers to a species containing carbon. Certain small ions and compounds containing carbon (such as carbon dioxide) are usually not considered to be organic, but rather are classed as inorganic.
- ortho
- Describing the relationship between two groups attached to carbon atoms on a benzene-like ring that have no carbon atoms between them.
- osmosis
- The passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration of solute to a region of lower concentration of solute.
- osmotic pressure
- The pressure required to prevent solvent from passing through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration of solute to a region of lower concentration of solute.
- oxidation
- That part of a chemical reaction in which a reactant loses electrons; simultaneous reduction of a different reactant must occur.
- oxidation number
- A formally defined charge that an atom in a compound or ion would have if the compound or ion existed entirely of monatomic ions.
- oxidation state
- A formally defined charge that an atom in a compound or ion would have if the compound or ion existed entirely of monatomic ions.
- oxidation-reduction reaction
- A reaction in which one reactant is oxidized (loses electrons) and one reactant is reduced (gains electrons), also called "redox reaction."
- oxidizing agent
- A chemical species that accepts electrons in order to oxidize another species. In the process the oxidizing agent is itself reduced.
- oxoacid
- An acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. Also called oxyacid.
- oxoanion
- An anion containing oxygen and another element. Also called oxyanion.
- oxyacid
- An acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. Also called oxoacid.
- oxyanion
- An anion containing oxygen and another element. Also called oxoanion.
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